H5N1Re-5株和H9亚型SS株对土三黄鸡的免疫效果对比

[目的]探究H5N1Re-5株和H9亚型SS株对土三黄鸡不同的免疫效果。[方法]选用广西桂林市某种鸡场土三黄鸡180只,试验组注射禽流感H5和H9疫苗,对照组不注射疫苗,检测145日龄注射H5和H9疫苗后的抗体水平。[结果]禽流感H5疫苗145日龄注射后第170日龄抗体检测：试验1、2组分别比各自对照组的平均抗体值比较差异达0.01极显著水平;禽流感H9疫苗145日龄注射后第170日龄抗体检测：试验1、2组分别比各自对照组的平均抗体值比较差异不显著。[结论]禽流感H5疫苗145日龄注射后能显著地提高抗体水平;禽流感H9疫苗145日龄注射后不能显著地提高抗体水平。     

不同饲养方式对拜城油鸡生长、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

[目的]探讨不同饲养方式对拜城油鸡生长、屠宰性能以及肉品质的影响,为拜城油鸡生产实际提供参考依据.[方法]试验选用1日龄的300只初生重相近的拜城油鸡雏鸡,随机分为散养、地面平养及网上饲养三个组,每组设4个重复,每个重复25只鸡,试验鸡饲喂相同的日粮.[结果]散养组鸡的末重及平均日增重显著低于地面平养组和网上饲养组(P＜0.05);散养组鸡的半净膛率显著低于网上饲养组与平养组(P＜0.05),腹脂率极显著低于网上饲养组(P＜0.01)和显著低于地面平养组(P＜0.05);散养组鸡胸、腿肌24、48h滴水损失率低于地面平养组和网上饲养组(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01);散养组鸡胸、腿肌剪切力显著高于地面饲养组和网上饲养组(P＜0.05);散养组鸡胸肌OD值高于地面饲养组和网上饲养组(P＜0.05);散养组鸡腿肌灰分含量高于地面平养和网上饲养组(P＜0.01);散养组鸡胸、腿肌肌内脂肪和腿肌肌苷酸含量均高于地面平养和网上饲养组(P＜0.05);网上饲养组胸肌及腿肌肌纤维直径均小于地面饲养组和散养组(P＜0.05),相反肌纤维密度小于地面饲养组和散养组(P＜0.05).饲养方式对拜城油鸡其它性能和肉质指标没有显著影响.[结论]三种饲养方式各有优缺点,生产者应根据自己的实际情况以及不同市场对鸡肉产品的不同要求选用适宜的饲养方式.     

淮南麻黄鸡种质特性研究

[目的]研究淮南特色麻黄鸡种的种质特性,为品种保护和改良提供参考依据。[方法]分别在不同日龄对淮南麻黄鸡的外貌特征、屠宰性能、繁殖性能、屠宰性能、鸡蛋品质进行观察和测定。[结果]公鸡体重和体尺性能明显优于母鸡;屠宰率和全净膛率分别达88.03%和70.61%;具有较强的就巢性;蛋品质优良;屠宰性能与性别具有相关性。[结论]淮南麻黄鸡具有很强的经济开发潜力,是宝贵的地方遗传资源。     

Toxoplasma gondii Infections in Chickens (Gallus domesticus): Prevalence,Clinical Disease,Diagnosis and Public Health Significance

Chickens are considered one of the most important hosts in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection because they are an efficient source of infection for cats that excrete the environmentally resistant oocysts and because humans may become infected with this parasite after eating undercooked infected chicken meat. The objective of this study is to review worldwide prevalence of T. gondii infection in chickens and to assess the role of infected chickens in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in humans. A very high prevalence of the parasite was found in chickens raised in backyards (up to 100%) and free‐range organic (30–50%) establishments.     

能量与NPY基因对文昌鸡开产性状的影响

为了研究日粮能量水平与神经肽Y（neuropeptide,NPY）基因对文昌鸡开产性状的影响,运用PCR- RFLP方法检测3组试验鸡群（Ⅰ组,低能组;Ⅱ组,中能组;Ⅲ组,高能组）NPY基因DraⅠ酶切位点的多态性,共得到3种基因型,并对其与开产性状间进行了方差分析。结果表明,日粮能量水平对开产日龄、开产体重、开产蛋重无显著影响(P＞0.05),但是由高能到低能,开产日龄呈现由早到晚的趋势,开产蛋重呈现由低到高的趋势。NPY基因型对开产日龄、开产体重、开产蛋重无显著影响(P＞0.05)。     

硼中毒对固始鸡肾脏组织结构的影响

将120羽1日龄固始鸡随机分为对照组和试验组,在饮水中添加硼,添加量分别为04、00 mg.L-1,试验期6周,研究硼中毒对固始鸡肾脏组织结构的影响.每周末每组取鸡10羽,颈动、静脉放血致死,立即解剖取肾脏,制成石蜡切片,HE染色,Olympus显微摄影系统观察并摄影.结果显示,试验组1-4周龄肾脏组织结构病理变化明显,血管球萎缩,结构模糊,甚至碎解,肾小囊腔变大,肾小管受损明显;5周龄起,试验组肾脏的组织结构呈现一定恢复状态,但仍可见一定数量结构受损的肾小体、肾小管和集合小管.结果表明,饮水添加400 mg.L-1硼对固始鸡肾脏的组织结构与功能具有明显的损伤和毒性作用.     

父母代固始鸡食管的发育形态学研究

应用大体解剖学和组织切片技术,对0～25周龄父母代固始鸡的食管进行了发育形态学研究。结果表明,随着周龄的增加,食管的长度和质量大体呈增长趋势,食管长度与质量比值、食管指数都呈下降趋势。食管腺的纵径大体呈增长趋势,食管腺数目的规律表现不太明显。     

Subsequent bone and metabolic responses of broilers to high-non-phytate phosphorus diets in the starter period

1. An experiment was performed to elucidate the subsequent effects of high-non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) diets on growth performance, blood metabolites, bone characteristics and P retention of broilers fed on low-NPP grower diets. The 42-d study was designed as a 2 × 2 × 2 + 1 factorial, which included two starter NPP concentrations (4.5 and 5.5 g/kg; d 0–21), two grower NPP concentrations (1.5 and 2.3 g/kg; d 22–42), with or without phytase (1000 FTU/kg), with a reference diet containing an adequate NPP concentration over the course of the trial.

2. In the starter period, growth performance and P retention were not affected by experimental diets. The high-NPP diet increased plasma P concentration, increased tibia ash and tibia P contents and decreased plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at d 21.

3. No significant interaction was observed between NPP concentrations in the starter and grower periods and phytase. The main effect data indicated that the increase in NPP concentration in the starter diets had no effects on growth performance in the grower period and overall. The high-NPP diet in the early stage of growth reduced plasma P concentration, plasma ALP activity and tibia ash content at d 42. The main effect data also showed that exogenous phytase increased body weight gain in the grower period and overall.

4. It can be concluded that feeding increased NPP diets have no effects on growth performance in the starter period. This feeding strategy results in negative effects on plasma P concentration and bone ash content at d 42. Also, exogenous phytase is effective in improving growth performance, bone characteristics and apparent P retention of growing broilers fed diets that are inadequate in phosphorus.     

The effect of dietary lysozyme with EDTA on growth performance and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens in each period of the growth cycle

Lysozyme is a potential replacement for antibiotics in the poultry industry. Two trials were conducted using new or used litter to determine the effect of 100 ppm lysozyme in feed on growth performance and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens in each period of the growth cycle. The new litter trial and used litter trial were each analyzed as a one-way analysis of variance with length of time in which 100 ppm lysozyme was fed to the birds as the main factor (no lysozyme d zero to 35; positive lysozyme d zero to 4; positive lysozyme d 5 to 14; positive lysozyme d 15 to 24; positive lysozyme d 25 to 35; positive lysozyme d zero to 35; positive virginiamycin d zero to 35). Effects of lysozyme were not detected under clean conditions (P > 0.05). When used litter was provided, growth performance was not improved by lysozyme (P > 0.05). However, feeding lysozyme to birds from d 5 to 14 and throughout the trial reduced the number of E. coli in the ileum compared with feeding virginiamycin (positive lysozyme d 5 to 14 and zero to 35, and virginiamycin d zero to 35: 1.7 × 10⁴ cfu g⁻¹, 1.9 × 10⁴ cfu g⁻¹ and 9.3 × 10⁴ cfu g⁻¹, respectively) to birds (P < 0.05). Dietary lysozyme at 100 ppm can change intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens.